Poverty
Povertà ed inclusione sociale in Italia: sfide e cambiamenti all'inizio della nuova programmazione dei fondi strutturali
Authors: Giancarlo Dente, Giuseppe Fiorani Publisher: Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini Date: 2016
Il libro offre una esaustiva panoramica sulla povertà e il rischio di povertà in Italia fornendo dati, analisi e raccogliendo i pareri dei policy makers. Si apre con una riflessione di Pietro Tagliatesta sul ruolo del PON Inclusione come strumento di rafforzamento della dimensione sociale delle UE e un’analisi sugli strumenti di contrasto della povertà: il SIA e il reddito minimo. Il terzo capitolo offre un quadro comparativo tra l’Italia e l’Europa a cura di Giuseppe Forte e Giovanni Gallo analizzando gli obiettivi e i risultati raggiunti dalle misure di contrasto alla povertà. Il quarto e il quinto capitolo fanno un’analisi su quali sono i soggetti più a rischio di esclusione sociale e vanno poi a vedere la situazione nelle varie regioni. In chiusura le interviste a policy makers che a livello regionale si occupano di contrasto alla povertà nell’ambito della Nuova Programmazione 2014-2020.
Authors: Graciela Malgesini and others Date: July 2020 Publisher: EAPN
This report analyses: the situation of health, social protection and minimum income systems before the pandemic; the positive and negative changes in our systems produced as a result of the spread of the virus; the measures adopted by governments to tackle the situation.The conditions of people suffering from poverty and vulnerability in countries participating in the study are described and analysed in detail, considering the impact that this crisis has also had on gender as well as other forms of inequality. Annex 1 captures key EU trends and data, whilst Annex 2 provides a Country Annex summarising detailed input from the national level regarding all areas of the report.
Authors: Date: January 2021 Publisher: EAPN
The EAPN Poverty Watch Reports do not attempt to provide a comprehensive academic report on poverty. They start from the reality of people experiencing poverty and the perspectives of the NGOs that support and work with them: our 32 EAPN national networks and 13 European Organisations members. Their main objectives are to:
- To monitor key trends and policy on poverty and social exclusion in Europe
- To raise awareness about priority issues and impact/reality for people experiencing poverty
- To propose concrete recommendations backed by example and evidence
Covid-19 Supercharging Poverty: The Poverty Watches 2020 have an additional goal: on the one hand, to present the current trends of poverty and social exclusion, and additionally to reflect on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and government measures, on people experiencing poverty and social exclusion. The EU Poverty Watch report assembles the key messages from the state of play of poverty amid the pandemic.
Copyrighted articles of doctrine
Aranguiz A., Verschueren H., Discussing strategies for social Europe: The potential role of EU law in contributing to the Union’s policy objective of fighting poverty and social exclusion, European Journal of Social Security, 2020, Vol. 22, 4, pp. 367–375.
Anti-poverty strategies have been on the EU agenda for decades. In 2010, perhaps most saliently, Member States pledged to lift 20 million people out of poverty as part of the ten-year Europe 2020 Strategy. By the end of 2019, it became clear that this headline target was nowhere close to being achieved. In view of the disappointing results of previous EU strategies in combating poverty, a seminar was held on 5 December 2019 at the University of Antwerp to discuss future strategies for social Europe and the role of EU law in contributing to the policy objective of fighting poverty and social exclusion. This Special Issue is the result of that expert seminar. Sections 1 and 2 of this editorial place this Special Issue in context by explaining what led us to discuss the need for a more involved EU in matters of poverty and social exclusion and what has changed since then. Overall, we argue that the underwhelming results of previous EU anti-poverty strategies might point towards the need to do more, also by means of EU law. This need for further action has become as imminent as ever in the context of the Covid-19 crisis. Section 3 presents an outline of the Special Issue and explains how the different contributions relate to each other.
Vonk G., Bambrough E., The human rights approach to social assistance: Normative principles and system characteristics, European Journal of Social Security, 2020, Vol. 22, 4, pp. 376–389.
This article deals with the substantive meaning of the human right of social assistance. The central question is how normative human rights principles can be reconciled with system characteristics which are part of the practical reality of social assistance law and administration. In order to answer this question, we present illustrations of how the human right of social assistance has been operationalised, with a particular emphasis on the judgments and opinions of courts and quasijudicial institutions. What emerges is that the meaning of the human right of social assistance is not fixed or to be found in some natural law abstraction. It is organically created in the process of confronting human rights principles with the system characteristics of social assistance. Drivers of this process are, inter alia, the principles of a universal material minimum subsistence level, a dignified life for social assistance recipients, and a rights-based approach.
Jacqueson C., The Internal Market at a Social Turn? Social dumping and the protection of workers, European Journal of Social Security, 2020, Vol. 22, 4, pp. 403–420.
Free movement should in theory enable individuals to fight poverty at home by finding employment in another Member State. Yet, free movement is not always that easy and can in practice lead to social dumping in specific sectors where posted workers ultimately push salaries to the bottom. Such a race to the bottom might also arise outside a free movement context when workers are falsely qualified as self-employed thus undercutting wages. This article argues that EU economic law both creates risks of social dumping and remedies them. It calls for a rebalancing of the liberal ethos of the principle of free movement and competition law on the one hand, and the social objectives of the EU, on the other hand. A key question is whether it is possible to redress the balance between the economic and the social from within the internal market logic or whether the social push has to come from outside.
Verschueren H, The role and limits of European social security coordination in guaranteeing migrants social benefits, European Journal of Social Security, 2020, Vol. 22, 4, pp. 390–402.
This article examines whether the EU social security coordination Regulations 883/2004 and 987/ 2009 contribute or fail to contribute to the EU policy objective of guaranteeing adequate social protection and fighting against poverty as set by Article 9 TFEU. Even if this coordination system does not directly interfere with the social protection systems of the Member States, it plays an important role in preventing persons who use the right to free movement within the EU from ending up in a situation in which they would lose entitlement to social benefits because of their migration. In analysing this issue I will concentrate on the role of the underlying general principles of this coordination, more specifically, on the rules for the determination of the applicable legislation, the principle of equal treatment, the export of benefits and the aggregation of periods. I will also elaborate on a number of examples where this coordination system fails to prevent the loss of entitlement to social benefits, such as the position of workers in non-standard forms of work, the limited rights of economically inactive migrants, the recent introduction of waiting periods for newcomers, and situations in which the migrants risk falling between two stools. I will conclude with the notion of fairness.
Bruzelius C., Freedom of movement, social rights and residence-based conditionality in the European Union, Journal of European Social Policy, 2018, 29, 1, pp. 70-83.
This article stresses the need to study how European Union (EU) member states define and implement the concept of habitual residence to assess boundaries of welfare in the EU. It focuses specifically on EU migrant citizens’ social rights and draws on comparative qualitative research on two EU member states – Germany and Sweden. The article first clarifies the differences between legal and habitual residence, and distinguishes between legal definitions of habitual residence and administrative formalities tied to such definitions. After examining legal definitions at the EU level, it goes on to consider additional definitions found in each member state case and administrative formalities attached to these definitions. Following this, implications for EU migrant citizens’ social rights in each country are assessed. The analysis reveals how administrative processes of residence registration shape conditionality. In this way, administrative aspects of habitual residence can have far-reaching exclusive effects on EU migrant citizens’ access to social benefits and services in the destination member state, as well as inhibit their ability to enjoy their right to freedom of movement. The article thus illustrates the inherent tension between free movement and residence-based social rights in a Union with devolved social provision.
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