Deliverables

Social partners and industrial relations system report
Authors: Carlo Zoli, Andrea Lassandari, Ester Villa, Giulia Marchi

This report aims at providing a comparative study on the most relevant trends of industrial relation systems and investigating the degree and impact of social partners’ involvement in the design and implementation of relevant reforms in the countries involved in the WorkYP project.

It intends to find examples of regulatory strategies and social partners’ actions with  positive impact in tackling in-work poverty regarding the regulation of VUP Groups’ working and living conditions. 

PDF
Comparative VUP Groups Report
Author: Christina Hiessl

This Deliverable describes, compares and analyses the situation of Vulnerable and Underrepresented Persons (VUPs) in relation to in-work poverty in selected countries. It is based on the National Reports on in-work poverty  in the seven countries studied in the WorkYP project (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden).

The discussion connects the findings of these reports to empirical insights and broader considerations of the factors influencing poverty for each of the four focus groups.

PDF
Comparative Analytical Report
Author: Christina Hiessl

The present report provides a comparative overview of regulation of relevance for tackling in-work poverty risks, focusing on aspects of labour law, collective bargaining, social security, and labour market policies. It is based on the seven National Reports of July 2021, for which various aspects of the legal systems at issue were identified for description and tentative evaluation by the competent project units. Among the aspects included in the NRs, the present report focuses on those of more global relevance, while regulation of more specific importance only for individual Vulnerable and Underrepresented Persons (VUPs) has been described and assessed in the VUP Groups Report.

PDF
Labour law harmonization in EU Law and its (limited) protection of VUP Groups
Authors: Mijke Houwerzijl / Ane Aranguiz

This deliverable seeks a twofold goal. On the one hand, to provide a birds-eye view on the current state of play of EU labour law protection as regards the four different VUP Groups identified in the Working, Yet Poor project. On the other hand, to flag the problems with the current status quo by emphasizing the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and limitations of EU labour law harmonization vis-a-vis these groups. 

PDF
Comparative report – social security
Authors: Prof. dr. P. Schoukens, dr. E. De Becker, drs. C. Bruynseraede and A. Dockx

Social security systems in EU Member States still largely rely on their traditional design, departing from workers with a full-time contract of indefinite duration. This traditional approach in national social security systems does not, however, seem well equipped to deal with the situation of non-standard work and the higher risk of in-work poverty for non-standard workers. The question therefore arises which protection national social security systems currently provide for the in-work poor and if and how such systems should be adapted to provide adequate and sufficient protection for all type of workers. The comparative report on social security in the framework of the Work YP project tries to answer these questions and focuses on the level of protection provided by the selected EU Member States’ social security schemes for each VUP Group.

PDF
“Fair and Adequate Wages”: Benchmarking Exercise
Authors: Giulia Marchi, Ester Villa, Andrea Lassandari, Carlo Zoli

This deliverable focuses on the notion of fair and adequate wages and the concept of decent standard of living, that a reasonable wage should ensure. It provides an EU conceptualisation of what ideally the fair and adequate wage should be.

This “benchmark” conceptualization may serve as a basis to policy proposals in the next WorkYP project’s deliverables.

PDF
Reconceptualizing EU Social citizenship
Authors: Ane ARANGUIZ with the input of Mijke Houwerzijl

In this deliverable we attempt to reconceptualise the idea of EU social citizenship in a way that is capable to
deliver a better quality of life, and work, to its citizens.

It is structured in three main substantial parts: EU citizenship and social rights, the constitutional powers of the EU, and the citizenship we deserve. These are preceded by an introductory part and a concluding chapter.

PDF
Policy proposals and recommendations for ember States to tackle in-work poverty
Authors: Katherine DUFFY and Florence TORNINCASA

The purpose of this deliverable is to make general recommendations to Member States (MS) on combatting in-work poverty.

The project investigates four categories of work that put workers at higher risk of poverty in seven MS: Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. The categories of work investigated in which workers are vulnerable and underrepresented are: i) Low skilled employees working full-time on standard contracts in ‘poor sectors’ defined as those with 20% or more of workers receiving low wage; ii) Solo self-employed workers; iii) Temporary (fixed-term and temporary agency) workers and involuntary part-time workers; iv) Casual (on-call and intermittent) and platform workers.

PDF
The Role of Social Partners in Addressing In-Work Poverty
Authors: Ann-Christine Hartzén, Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni

This report focuses on the role of social partners in combating in-work poverty.

Gathering evidence and information from the previous deliverables of the partners in the Consortium, this report aims at highlighting what the social partners have been already able to do but, most importantly, what obstacles and pitfalls they face in order to address working poor even more and better.

PDF
Policy proposals to enhance the social content of EU citizenship
Authors: Ramón Peña-Casas, Dalila Ghailani and Korina Kominou

The purpose of this deliverable is to make general policy recommendations to the European Union as to how to enhance the social content of EU citizenship.

It is structured in two parts: 

  • Part I. presents the key elements of EU social citizenship, in order to set the scene. It identifies the legal bases and tools needed to enhance the social rights of poor workers and conceptualise EU social citizenship (Aranguiz 2022). 
  • Part II. presents policy recommendations for tackling in-work poverty and, in so doing substantiating the content of EU social citizenship.
PDF
WORKING, YET POOR:
"Main findings and policy proposals" brochure of the project
Author: WorkYP project

This publication aims at guiding the reader through the WorkYP project and its mains results,
offering a glimpse of the work developed by the project’s consortium in the three years 2020-2023. During
this time, the WorkYP project has developed and implemented a broad and multifaceted research agenda
dealing with many aspects to understand in-work poverty and the possible avenues to better tackle this
urgent problem.

It offers a summary of the main findings of the project organised in separate sections, where the key messages of the main deliverables are presented.

PDF
WORKING, YET POOR:
Gender Policy and indicators report
Authors: Barbara De Michelli, Marta Capesciotti, Roberta Paoletti and Silvia Sansonetti.

The present document is Deliverable 2.2 of the Working, Yet Poor Project. It consists on the gender policy and indicator’s report. The aim of this report is to investigate the gender dimension of in-work poverty. According to the description of the Deliverable in Annex 1 (part A) of the grant agreement, the report ‘assesses the spread of in-work poverty among women and (studies) the societal impact of being a working poor woman, also considering how it may influence households’ incomes and women workers individual careers.’

PDF
National Report BELGIUM:
Executive Summary
Authors: Alberto Barrio, Eleni De Becker, Mathias Wouters, Vincent Vergnat, Conchita D’Ambrosio

This national report offers an overview of the labour and social regulations that may have an impact on in-work poverty in Belgium. The report is divided in two parts plus an introduction. Part 1 provides an overview of the Belgian labour law and social security policies and measures that may have a direct or indirect impact on in-work poverty. Part 2, in turn, focuses on how these labour law and social policy measures may have an impact on the situation of members of each of the four selected groups of particularly Vulnerable and Underrepresented Persons (VUP groups).

PDF
National Report GERMANY:
Executive Summary
Authors: Bernd Waas; Christina Hiessl

Throughout the 21st century, Germany has stood out for its strong and stable economic growth and favourable labour market developments. It is now among the top performers in Europe in relation to employment and unemployment rates (most notably for the young), and this has not changed in the context of the pandemic crisis. The rise in labour market participation also benefitted groups with traditionally large gaps in employment rates – older and disabled workers, women (despite the remaining large gender gap), and migrants, particularly regarding the challenging labour market integration of large numbers of refugees.

PDF
National Report ITALY:
Executive Summary
Authors: Carlo Zoli, Andrea Lassandari, Ester Villa, Cinzia Carta, Giulia Marchi, Nicola De Luigi, Giovanni Guidetti, Luca Cattani

The introduction of the National Report describes in-work poverty from a socio-economic perspective, in terms of risk, intensity, rates and drivers. First, it contextualises the phenomenon of in-work poverty, focusing on how the distortions of the productive, labour market, welfare and educational systems – and their interactions – have facilitated the spread and worsening of the phenomenon, by contributing to the development of economic uncertainties among workers and their households’ components.

PDF
National Report NETHERLANDS:
Executive Summary
Authors: Mijke Houwerzijl, Nuna Zekić, Marion Evers and Sonja Bekker

This Report is the result of an examination of the phenomenon of in-work poverty in the Netherlands in relation to the four specific VUP Groups identified within the Working, Yet Poor (WorkYP) project: low or un-skilled standard employees; solo or bogus self-employed; fixed-term, temporary agency, and involuntary part-time workers; and casual and platform workers. The purpose of the Report is to analyze the regulatory structures affecting the working conditions for the VUP Groups and to assess different aspects of regulations that can have a direct and indirect impact on the situation of in-work poverty for such workers. Data on poverty risks in relation to various individual and household variables of the four VUP groups is also presented and discussed, as well as changes in this over time. Moreover, the analysis includes the legal framework and conclusions drawn from data on the VUP groups.

PDF
National Report POLAND:
Executive Summary
Authors: Monika Tomaszewska

In-work poverty has been relatively recently subjected to theoretical and empirical research in the area of labour market and employment policy in Poland.

In the last few years, according to Eurostat data, the in-work poverty rate in Poland slightly decreased (with a small increase only in 2015) and currently amounts to 9.9% for the total number of workers. What is also worth underlining is the fact that the indicator is lower than in previous years, i.e. 2008-2014. In 2018 a decrease in the range of poverty of living conditions and poverty of a lack of budgetary balance of households was observed in comparison to 2015.

PDF
National Report SWEDEN:
Executive Summary
Authors: Ann-Christine Hartzén

This Report is the result of an investigation on the phenomenon of in-work poverty in Sweden in relation to the four specific VUP Groups identified within the “Working, Yet Poor” project: low or un-skilled standard employees; solo or bogus self-employed; fixed-term, temporary agency and involuntary part-time workers; and casual and platform workers. The purpose of the Report is to analyse the regulatory structures affecting the working conditions for the VUP Groups and to assess different aspects of regulations that can have an impact on the situation of in-work poverty for such workers. To this end the analysis includes the legal framework as well as collective agreements and the interplay between legislation and collective agreements as concerns the application of working conditions for the VUP Groups.

PDF
National Report LUXEMBOURG:
Executive Summary
Authors: Prof. Dr. Luca Ratti and Dr. Antonio García-Muñoz

The present report analyses the existing legal framework on the working and living conditions of workers experiencing in-work poverty in Luxembourg. It is divided in two main parts. The first part deals with the general applicable legal framework and includes a description of the main features of labour law and social security in Luxembourg as well as an analysis of other policies and measures directly and indirectly having an impact on in-work poverty. The second part focuses more in detail on the VUP groups, elaborating on their definition, the particularities of the legal framework shaping them and the impact of in-work poverty on each of them.

PDF